El Instituto Internacional de Historia del Derecho Indiano, creado en el año 1966, celebra periódicamente sus congresos en que participan los miembros y por invitación los estudiosos no miembros especializados en el Derecho Indiano, donde presentan sus investigaciones histórico-jurídicas. Desde su fundación, se han celebrado dieciocho congresos en diferentes países de Iberoamérica. El XIX Congreso del Instituto Internacional de Historia del Derecho Indiano se celebró en la ciudad de Berlín (Alemania) del lunes 29 de agosto al viernes 2 de septiembre de 2016. En las Actas del Congreso, se publican las versiones escritas de más de setenta ponencias presentadas en el Congreso. Las ocho mesas temáticas del evento fueron: Historia de la historiografía del Derecho Indiano; El Derecho Indiano en la historia europea y global; Circulación de ideas y prácticas jurídicas: casos y métodos de análisis (obras jurisprudenciales); Derecho y otros saberes normativos (derecho real y canónico, teología moral); Orden jurídico y diversidad cultural (derechos indígenas, pluralismo jurídico y judicial); Derecho Indiano Provincial y Local (reinos, provincias, repúblicas); Sociedad, justicia y gobierno (instituciones y prácticas); El Derecho Indiano en el siglo XIX: Derecho Civil y Público y Constitucionalismo moderno.

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This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. This innovative book presents a theoretical framework for understanding co-creation and the ways that public leaders may cope with the conflicts, dilemmas and paradoxes that arise when co-creation clashes with existing governance paradigms, such as old-style bureaucracy and New Public Management.

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In the aftermath of an armed conflict in Africa, the international community both produces and demands from local partners a variety of blueprints for reconstructing state and society. The aim is to re-formalize the state after what is viewed as a period of fragmentation. In reality, African economies and polities are very much informal in character, with informal actors, including so-called Big Men, often using their positions in the formal structure as a means to reach their own goals. Through a variety of in-depth case studies, including the DRC, Sierra Leone and Liberia, this comprehensive volume shows how important informal political and economic networks are in many of the continent's conflict areas. Moreover, it demonstrates that without a proper understanding of the impact of these networks, attempts to formalize African states, particularly those emerging from wars, will be in vain.

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Municipal administrations play a key role in the implementation of sustainability goals. How can employees be better prepared for this as part of their training? This book lays the foundations for the integration of vocational education for sustainable development (VETSD) in local authorities and for the training of administrative staff. Using empirical studies, the author develops a VETSD competence model to train administrative staff as ‘change agents’ and to integrate sustainable decisions in cities and municipalities. The book provides a practical basis for sustainability-orientated education in a municipal context.

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There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).

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Climate change is altering agricultural production and ecosystems around the world. Future projections indicate that additional change is expected in the coming decades, forcing individuals and communities to respond and adapt. Frequently, agriculture and ecosystems are seen as separate entities, resulting in entity-specific solutions in response to threats. Anthropogenic climate change simultaneously stresses both agriculture and ecosystems (AE) along with their interactions, and current research efforts examining climate change effects and possible adaptations fail to integrate agriculture and ecosystems. Research has quantified many AE impacts of climate change, and yet greater impacts are anticipated as climate change proceeds. Thus, an understanding of the implications for changing AE systems is crucial. AE function, health and productivity depend heavily on climatic characteristics. Failure to jointly consider these systems and the associated externalities may underestimate the impacts of climate change or cause adaptation implementation surprises such as the worsening of the adaptation status of some groups or ecosystems. This collection of papers draws on specific studies to explain why ecosystem and agriculture adaptation requires an integrated analytical approach. A synthesis of current literature is used, as well as examples from around the world to help explain concepts and current challenges. Researchers are encouraged to adopt integrated modeling as a means of avoiding implementation challenges and surprises when formulating and implementing adaptations. Failure to incorporate the overlapping effects of agriculture and ecosystems could lead to maladaptation and greater long-term damage under climate change. The papers in this volume address several aspects of these challenges.

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It is gradually being recognised by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians that getting contemporary Indigenous governance right is fundamental to improving Indigenous well-being and generating sustained socioeconomic development. This collection of papers examines the dilemmas and challenges involved in the Indigenous struggle for the development and recognition of systems of governance that they recognise as both legitimate and effective. The authors highlight the nature of the contestation and negotiation between Australian governments, their agents, and Indigenous groups over the appropriateness of different governance processes, values and practices, and over the application of related policy, institutional and funding frameworks within Indigenous affairs.The long-term, comparative study reported in this monograph has been national in coverage, and community and regional in focus. It has pulled together a multidisciplinary team to work with partner communities and organisations to investigate Indigenous governance arrangements–the processes, structures, scales, institutions, leadership, powers, capacities, and cultural foundations–across rural, remote and urban settings.This ethnographic case study research demonstrates that Indigenous and non-Indigenous governance systems are intercultural in respect to issues of power, authority, institutions and relationships. It documents the intended and unintended consequences–beneficial and negative–arising for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians from the realities of contested governance. The findings suggest that the facilitation of effective, legitimate governance should be a policy, funding and institutional imperative for all Australian governments.This research was conducted under an Australian Research Council Linkage Project, with Reconciliation Australia as Industry Partner.

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Driven by the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA), decentralisation in Macedonia is a policy choice for spurring national cohesion rather than an economic instrument for the more efficient delivery of services. The OFA resulted in a new Macedonian Constitution with policies related to the decentralisation process and equitable representation of communities. This book aims first to estimate the spending efficiency of Macedonian municipalities in service delivery from their own resources and, second, to ascertain the determinants of that efficiency. The ethnic fragmentation of municipalities is taken into account as a possible determinant of efficiency, which represents a novelty in such types of studies. We employ the DEA-VRS, Kernel and SFA estimation techniques to control for the robustness of our estimates. Our findings show that on average Macedonian municipalities exhibit low efficiency in service delivery, although there are significant variations among municipalities. The ethnic fragmentation of municipalities together with the population density, own tax revenues and political affiliation of the mayor with the leading political coalition at the state level explain differences in their efficiencies. More fragmented municipalities tend to be less efficient when providing services to citizens.

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This book assesses the impacts of COVID-19 on the Indonesian economy, particularly on employment, education, poverty, trade, and macro economy. The book explains how fiscal and monetary stimulus work and the roles of local governments in managing stimulus. It also presents ways to recovery and lessons learnt from countries that have found success in mitigating the economic impacts of the pandemic (China, Germany, Singapore, and Vietnam). This book will be a useful reference for policy makers, scholars, students, and public audience working or having interest in the fields of development economics, trade, health economics, economics, and East Asia.

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For developing countries, decentralising power from central government to local authorities holds the promise of deepening democracy, empowering citizens, improving public services and boosting economic growth. But the evidence on when and how decentralisation can bring these benefits has been mixed. Under the wrong conditions, decentralised power can be captured by unrepresentative elites or undermined by corruption and the clientelistic distribution of public resources. The picture is complex, and we still do not understand enough about what factors can contribute to creating better local government, and to what effect. Decentralised Governance brings together a new generation of political economy studies that explore these questions analytically, blending theoretical insights with empirical innovation. Individual chapters provide fresh evidence from around the world, including broad cross-country data as well as detailed studies of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, China, Indonesia, Ghana, Kenya and Colombia. They investigate the pros and cons of decentralisation in both democratic and autocratic regimes, and the effects of critical factors such as advances in technology, citizen-based data systems, political entrepreneurship in ethnically diverse societies, and reforms aimed at improving transparency and monitoring. This wide-ranging volume examines the conditions under which devolving power can intensify democratic competition, boost transparency, and improve local governance, providing examples of good and bad practice in both. It is essential reading for researchers investigating decentralised governance, development and democratisation, and for policymakers and practitioners drawing lessons for future reforms.

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For developing countries, decentralising power from central government to local authorities holds the promise of deepening democracy, empowering citizens, improving public services and boosting economic growth. But the evidence on when and how decentralisation can bring these benefits has been mixed. Under the wrong conditions, decentralised power can be captured by unrepresentative elites or undermined by corruption and the clientelistic distribution of public resources. The picture is complex, and we still do not understand enough about what factors can contribute to creating better local government, and to what effect. Decentralised Governance brings together a new generation of political economy studies that explore these questions analytically, blending theoretical insights with empirical innovation. Individual chapters provide fresh evidence from around the world, including broad cross-country data as well as detailed studies of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, China, Indonesia, Ghana, Kenya and Colombia. They investigate the pros and cons of decentralisation in both democratic and autocratic regimes, and the effects of critical factors such as advances in technology, citizen-based data systems, political entrepreneurship in ethnically diverse societies, and reforms aimed at improving transparency and monitoring. This wide-ranging volume examines the conditions under which devolving power can intensify democratic competition, boost transparency, and improve local governance, providing examples of good and bad practice in both. It is essential reading for researchers investigating decentralised governance, development and democratisation, and for policymakers and practitioners drawing lessons for future reforms.

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For developing countries, decentralising power from central government to local authorities holds the promise of deepening democracy, empowering citizens, improving public services and boosting economic growth. But the evidence on when and how decentralisation can bring these benefits has been mixed. Under the wrong conditions, decentralised power can be captured by unrepresentative elites or undermined by corruption and the clientelistic distribution of public resources. The picture is complex, and we still do not understand enough about what factors can contribute to creating better local government, and to what effect. Decentralised Governance brings together a new generation of political economy studies that explore these questions analytically, blending theoretical insights with empirical innovation. Individual chapters provide fresh evidence from around the world, including broad cross-country data as well as detailed studies of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, China, Indonesia, Ghana, Kenya and Colombia. They investigate the pros and cons of decentralisation in both democratic and autocratic regimes, and the effects of critical factors such as advances in technology, citizen-based data systems, political entrepreneurship in ethnically diverse societies, and reforms aimed at improving transparency and monitoring. This wide-ranging volume examines the conditions under which devolving power can intensify democratic competition, boost transparency, and improve local governance, providing examples of good and bad practice in both. It is essential reading for researchers investigating decentralised governance, development and democratisation, and for policymakers and practitioners drawing lessons for future reforms.

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The present book deals with an historical Castilian legal institution (tanteo comunal) that, in the modern age, allowed villages —by means of lawsuits brought to the royal council of Castile— to repurchase the offices related to their local government (regidores), previously privatized by the crown. In this regard, a survey has been carried on not only through the judicial practice of the time but also through the coeval legal doctrines (doctrina). “Derecho dominical y tanteo comunal” aims also to outline a comparison with more archaic actions (actiones populares) which were used, until then, by local communities against the usurpers of their own properties (bienes comunales), in order to obtain their restitution. To this regard, the results of this research highlight the strong relationship between the acciones populares and the tanteo comunal. However the institutional reforms, later undertaken by the crown, deeply affected local government and eventually eclipsed this particular legal institution.

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A multidisciplinary approach that involves multiple sectors and stakeholders is essential for disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. This Special Issue explores how interdisciplinary approaches could resolve a wide range of issues, including risk and damage assessment, behavior change, investment, and evidence-based policy formulation.

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An examination of successful environmental advocacy strategies in East Asia that shows how advocacy can be effective under difficult conditions. The countries of East Asia—China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—are home to some of the most active and effective environmental advocates in the world. And the governments of these countries have adopted a range of innovative policies to fight pollution and climate change: Japan leads the world in emissions standards, China has become the world's largest producer of photovoltaic panels, and Taiwan and South Korea have undertaken major green initiatives. In this book, Mary Alice Haddad examines the advocacy strategies that persuaded citizens, governments, and businesses of these countries to change their behavior. How did environmental activists succeed in countries that favor business interests and are generally hostile to citizen-based advocacy? Haddad identifies and describes, with examples, five of the most effective advocacy strategies used by environmentalists in East Asia: cultivate policy access, make it work locally, make it work for business, engage the heart, and think outside the box. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, she develops the Connected Stakeholder Model to show how advocates work through personal and professional networks to influence people in power. Stakeholders involved in policymaking are connected to diverse and multiple networks, which help them to develop complex ideas about the policies they develop. East Asia's effective advocacy strategies, as well as Haddad's theoretical framework, offer valuable lessons for activists, policy makers, and researchers.

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"The premise of Elected Officials and Political Leaders is that every elected politician is a political leader. This anthology looks at political leadership in Norwegian local governments and explores how to understand this form of leadership. Passing resolutions is an important part of an elected official’s job, and public discourse can suggest that such work is itself the essence of political leadership. This is a central concern in the book, which argues that political leadership also consists of grasping and understanding issues, setting agendas, proposing solutions and mobilizing support for them. With this broad view of political leadership, the book is organized around four paradoxes associated with the political-administrative system in Norwegian municipal government: the conflict paradox, the administration paradox, the transparency paradox and the democracy paradox. The chapters describe and discuss these paradoxes, the tensions they are based on and how opposing interests can be balanced in a constructive way, both for the local public sector as a whole as well as the individual councils and councilors. The book provides examples of how elected leaders can strengthen their political leadership, not least through a systematic comparison with Danish municipal governments. Important points in each chapter are also emphasized in interviews with political and administrative leaders who share their experiences with the authors. The book concludes with a discussion of how political leadership can be further developed and strengthened, both through changes in the institutional framework for Norwegian local governments and through dialogue and reflection within the individual municipal councils."

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This open access book assesses the links between decentralization and crises management in Czechia, paying particular attention to the ways in which local municipalities have dealt with turbulent problems including the Covid-19 pandemic and the migration crises caused by the war in Ukraine. There are more than 6000 municipalities in Czechia, most of which have fewer than 1000 inhabitants. With limited resources, municipalities are often forced to cooperate when it comes to dealing with major political and societal issues. Yet the various ways in which local governments cooperate, and the wider impact this has on the country as a whole, has not been fully examined. Drawing on existing literature and interviews with local governors, the book examines how decentralization affects the way crises are handled, and summarizes experiences and lessons from Czechia. In doing so, it identifies both the challenges brought about by decentralized local government systems, as well as the ways in which they contribute to community governance and its resilience. The book will appeal to all those interested in public administration and local government studies.

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This scholarly book aims to illustrate the importance of incorporating internal migration data into development planning initiatives and processes to gain insight into both short- and long-term social changes. This publication draws on census data pertaining to internal migration flows in the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. The author analyses, compares, and presents data across three post-apartheid periods, 1996–2001, 2001–2006, and 2006–2011, to illustrate how current forces drive and direct migration flows and how this impacts the social dynamics within the two provinces. This book highlights three significant shifts when comparing the two provinces’ pre- and post-1994 internal migration trends. First, it examines the change in the political context framing mobility. Second, it explores the change in the types of internal migration flows sustaining urbanisation. Third, and lastly, it analyses the changing profile of mobile migrants in the Northern Cape and Western Cape. Internal migration and development planning in South Africa makes a compelling case for a strategic and coordinated approach by governments by demonstrating the influence of political and economic forces on internal migration flows and their impact on community social dynamics. Such an approach is essential to address the increasing developmental constraints and challenges posed by internal migration in post-apartheid South Africa.

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"The central objective of the International Year of Sanitation was to put the global community on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals MDG sanitation target. However, one year later, it is still difficult to keep sanitation high on the agenda, while practical action is required to encourage demand driven and sustainable solutions. With the support of the German Ministry for Development and Cooperation and together with the European Investment Bank EIB and the French Development Agency AFD, KfW organised a two day Symposium to specifically address ways in which financing institutions can better promote the achievement of the MDG sanitation target. More than 70 experts from various backgrounds explored the challenges of sanitation and discussed ways to further develop innovative financing mechanisms for improved hygiene, sanitation and wastewater management in low-income countries. Four thematic areas were tackled by detailed background papers, presentations and high-level open floor discussions. Session 1: Financing Change in Personal Hygiene Behaviour and Demand Creation for Sanitation Motivation This section contains a rapid review of past experiences in developed countries and the evolution of methods used in developing countries to change hygiene and sanitation behaviors, including successes and failures. Relative costs and impacts, the role of institutional arrangements and actors, as well as approaches for linking hygiene behavior change and sanitation demand creation (so called software investments) with hardware investments are examined. Finally, considerations and opportunities for development banks and other financing agencies to become engaged in the scale-up of hygiene behavior change and sanitation demand creation approaches which have demonstrated success are presented. Session 2: Targeting the Poor with Facilities and Improved Services Motivation The interventions that can help poor people to access sanitation goods and services are examined. The focus is on three types of interventions: the use of low-cost technologies, the use of micro-credit and the use of targeted public finance (or subsidies) to reduce the funding gap that poor people face to meet the capital and recurrent costs of sustainable sanitation. Targeted public finance, performance assessment, effectiveness, sustainability, public funding strategies and performance are analysed. Session 3: Urban Spaces - How to Provide and Finance Service to Peri-urban Areas New approaches to meet sanitation challenges arising from absolute population growth and rapid urbanization are examined from a technical point of view. Simplified solutions and semi-centralised supply and treatment systems are examined in detail and with the help of examples. Session 4: The Potential Role of Utilities in Sanitation Provision for Peri-urban Areas and Poor Target Groups The question why sanitation service provision by local government authorities is poor is addressed. Examples of how water supply and sanitation utilities are being encouraged to support peri-urban areas and poor target groups with the provision of sanitation services are provided. The difficulties of utilities to provide piped water and sewers in a commercially viable manner is addressed. The role of local government authorities, of the regulatory framework, of education and public awareness is highlighted. A theme that appeared in all four sessions concerned the process of project design by development banks. Recommendations to improve it in order to best tackle sanitation issues were as follows: 1. address the entire sanitation chain 2. plan for all urban areas including informal housing areas and slums 3. ensure the sustainable operation of all sections of the sanitation chain (long-term effectiveness). For the full proceedings and the main findings and recommendations, please visit www.iwaponline.com to download free of charge."

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Local government in the UK is in crisis. The book argues that it is now neither local in terms of the geography and populations of its principal units, nor does it govern in these areas. Over the last two hundred years local government has been changed from a system in which local interests held governance over localities to one in which central government, national and multinational agencies, and corporate business increasingly dominate governance of local and community decision-making. These changes seriously undermine the important contribution that local government can bring to the effectiveness of democracy in the UK. The study provides an update on the structures and powers of local government since 2010. Despite change and austerity, a democratic hope still persists at the local level concerning local governments’ potential as a fundamental building block for democratic renewal. It is argued that the local remains a central arena of democratic practice, and that more direct forms of democracy should form part of a renewed democratic infrastructure. Following the ideas of J. S. Mill, the book also presents an argument that citizens have a right to participate in the government of their localities on issues that affect only their area, thus enhancing the capacity of citizens to become involved in understanding of our political culture.

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This document constitutes the Comparative Study of the Precoll project – Policies for Regional Cooperation in Lifelong Learning, led by the Università degli Studi di Firenze-Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi / University of Florence-Department of Educational Sciences and Cultural and Training Processes, in partnership with Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain), Junta de Andalucía (Spain), Regione Toscana (Italy), Welsh Assembly Government (United Kingdom), Jämtland County Council (Sweden), NIACE Dysgu Cymru-National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (United Kingdom), Provincia di Livorno Sviluppo Srl (Italy), subcontractor Melius Srl (Italy). EARLALL has been supporting the quality of the work, as well as Cedefop thanks to the regular advice and suggestions provided by Steven Bainbridge.

This document constitutes the Comparative Study of the Precoll project – Policies for Regional Cooperation in Lifelong Learning, led by the Università degli Studi di Firenze-Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi / University of Florence-Department of Educational Sciences and Cultural and Training Processes, in partnership with Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain), Junta de Andalucía (Spain), Regione Toscana (Italy), Welsh Assembly Government (United Kingdom), Jämtland County Council (Sweden), NIACE Dysgu Cymru-National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (United Kingdom), Provincia di Livorno Sviluppo Srl (Italy), subcontractor Melius Srl (Italy). EARLALL has been supporting the quality of the work, as well as Cedefop thanks to the regular advice and suggestions provided by Steven Bainbridge.

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Today, the benefits of intermediate solutions in societies and economies need to be sufficiently appreciated. When we are demanded to be the best, or every city or region has the ambition to be the biggest, the risk of overstepping the already heavily compromised growth boundaries and frustration finding vent in political tensions increases. The answer may lie in a return to a culture of the 'golden mean' and intermediate solutions (between excellence and mediocrity, wealth and poverty, centralisation and dispersion, power and freedom) as an antidote to the extremes leading to tensions and crises. Based on communities working for the commons and discussing a shared future, local governments can be a laboratory for these changes. The 'golden mean' of the title has a profound ontological, ethical, axiological and pragmatic justification. It applies to the social sciences, of which spatial management is one. The author of the monograph argues that ordinary people in their mass are the key to modern development, including the further development of local self-government. However, this requires building in society and politics a culture of acceptance of diversity as an immanent feature of the human species. To be effective, actions must be accepted by ordinary people. To be taken, they must come from them and not be imposed. They must stem from a sense of agency, even at the level of the most minor, bottom-up collective action to go from them. To foster such a sense, territorial-administrative systems should be decentralised de facto rather than de jure, and the territorial diversity of institutional arrangements, understood as multiple routes to the same goal, should be considered natural.

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Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries.

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This Methodological Guide is the result of the participatory processes carried out from the university extension with the communities of the Canton of Naranjo. It seeks to guide in a pedagogical way, the various processes that the communities must develop within the groups, which lead the community processes in the field of rural roads.

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This book endeavours to outline case studies that promote sustainable Local Economic Development (LED) initiatives. It is generally believed that local governments are the foot soldiers of LED. However, this seems to be a myth, as local governments in South Africa and elsewhere have not yet fulfilled this mandate and have been struggling for several years to implement LED initiatives. The distinctive merit of this book lies in the way it combines the South African context with the wider international development context in ways that there is a flow of information and ideas both ways. The book is an essential part of this sequence of ideas development and action at a critical time for strategic action directed at a sustainable future. It showcases case studies and responses to the impacts of globalisation as a bridge between urban/rural and institutional action and reveals avenues for local government leadership in communities, research, student engagement and wider interactions.

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When the Indonesian New Order regime fell in 1998, regional politics with strong ethnic content emerged across the country. In West Kalimantan the predominant feature was particularly that of the Dayaks. This surge, however, was not unprecedented. After centuries of occupying a subordinate place in the political and social hierarchy under the nominal rule of the Malay sultanates, Dayaks became involved in an enthusiastic political emancipation movement from 1945.The Dayaks secured the governorship as well as the majority of the regional executive head positions before they were shunned by the New Order regime. This book examines the development of Dayak politics in West Kalimantan from the colonial times until the first decade of the 21th century. It asks how and why Dayak politics has experienced drastic changes since 1945. It will look at the effect of regime change, the role of the individual leaders and organizations, the experience of marginalization, and conflicts on the course of Dayaks politics. It will also examine ethnic relations and recent political development up to 2010 in the province.Dr Taufiq Tanasaldy is a lecturer in Asian Studies and Indonesian language. He has a PhD in Southeast Asian Studies from the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies (RSPAS), the Australian National University. His main research interests are in ethnic politics, regionalism, conflict, regional history, and contemporary politics in Indonesia. He is currently completing a research grant on overseas Chinese politics in regional Indonesia.

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Faced with climate change, the growing desire of urban residents to access nature, and the introduction of new regulations, urban nature represents one of the main components of sustainable urban development. This book explores how local authorities are reinventing urban nature by integrating environmental and social dimensions. It traces the history of urban nature and the public policies that support it, and offers a cross-disciplinary analysis by scientists and practitioners of new challenges: water management, biodiversity, soil, health, and climate change adaptation. It also shows the consequences of evolving public policies and knowledge on new urban landscapes, whether heritage, recreational, or food-producing. Finally, it explores the hybrid governance of nature projects within local authorities, involving institutional actors, associations, citizen, to address planning, design, and management of urban nature at all scales. The book advocates for strengthening dialogue between elected officials, scientists, and practitioners in order to meet the increasing need for scientific, technical, and strategic training, as well as for the governance of partner collectives, with urban nature becoming a major object of democratic engagement. It is intended for elected officials, local public service managers, consulting firms, agencies, and associations involved in urban development.

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For decades almost the only social scientists who visited Indonesia’s provinces were anthropologists. Anybody interested in politics or economics spent most of their time in Jakarta, where the action was. Our view of the world’s fourth largest country threatened to become simplistic, lacking that essential graininess. Then, in 1998, Indonesia was plunged into a crisis that could not be understood with simplistic tools. After 32 years of enforced stability, the New Order was at an end. Things began to happen in- the provinces that no one was prepared for. Democratization was one, decentralization another. Ethnic and religious identities emerged that had lain buried under the blanket of the New Order’s modernizing ideology. Unfamiliar, sometimes violent forms of political competition and of rentseeking came to light.Decentralization was often connected with the neo-liberal desire to reduce state powers and make room for free trade and democracy. To what extent were the goals of good governance and a stronger civil society achieved? How much of the process was ‘captured’ by regional elites to increase their own powers? Amidst the new identity politics, what has happened to citizenship? These are among the central questions addressed in this book.This volume is the result of a two-year research project at KITLV. It brings together an international group of 24 scholars – mainly from Indonesia and the Netherlands but also from the United States, Australia, Germany, Canada and Portugal.

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Badania prezentowane w niniejszej publikacji miały na celu dostarczenie danych koniecznych do prowadzenia polskiej polityki zagranicznej rozszerzonej o wymiar samorządowy i obywatelski w województwie podlaskim. Głównym celem diagnozy było zbadanie, jak jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, organizacje pozarządowe, przedsiębiorstwa oraz uczelnie wyższe nawiązywały współpracę transgraniczną z partnerami na Litwie, Białorusi, Ukrainie i w Rosji (Obwód Kaliningradzki). W publikacji wskazano miejsca największego potencjału, jak również barier na drodze do takiej współpracy w regionie. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na kooperację tych podmiotów, łączenie swoich potencjałów i tworzenie wspólnych projektów. * Studies presented in this publication were aimed at provide data necessary for the conducting of local government and citizenship dimension of the enlarged Polish foreign policy in Podlaskie region. The main objective was to investigate the diagnosis, as the local government units, non-governmental organizations, businesses and universities alluded cross-border cooperation with partners in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia (Kaliningrad). The publication indicated areas of the greatest potential, as well as barriers to such cooperation in the region. Particular attention was paid to the cooperation of these entities, combining their potentials and create joint projects.

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Smart Mobility - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications explores the rapidly evolving world of connected and autonomous vehicles, providing a comprehensive look at the latest advancements and cutting-edge technologies driving this exciting industry forward. This book covers the most pressing topics in smart mobility, including sizing, sensing, simulations, safety, and cybersecurity applications, giving readers a deep understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing this emerging field. With perspectives from leading experts, the book provides insights into the future of mobility and the role that technology will play in shaping our transportation systems. Whether you are a student, engineer, or industry professional, this book offers a unique and valuable resource for those looking to stay ahead of the curve in the ever-evolving world of smart mobility and its growing impact on our daily lives.

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This book brings together leading scholars and practitioners from around the globe to examine the current roles of and future trends in local government structures and mechanisms in 16 different federal and federal-type countries. In doing so, this volume explores pressing topics such as the institutions of local government, constitutional recognition, financial management, intergovernmental relations, political culture, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the role of local government in federal systems. Contributors to this volume provide a timely and comprehensive account of the integral role local governments play in federal countries and offer fascinating perspectives on how these roles may change as individual federal systems evolve. These individual analyses are contextualized in a comparative perspective in order to gain a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities of various local government dynamics in different regions around the world. This is an open access book.

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Over recent decades, local governments in Europe have come increasingly under pressure facing a multitude of old and new challenges. Consequently, a wave of political and administrative reforms aimed at coping with these pressures has changed local governance in many nations. Local governments are not only responsible for efficient administration, high-quality services and a legally correct execution of laws, but also for ensuring legitimacy, democratic participation, accountability and trust – often under the conditions of austerity. This volume presents research findings of an international project on local public sector reforms in 31 countries and derives advice for policymakers to shape the future of local governments in Europe. The authors address basic reform areas and key features of local governance like autonomy, performance and participation. The book targets academics, students and practitioners interested in (the future of) local government.

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The book aims to explore the legal and administrative aspects of spatial governance and the challenges that their interaction entails. It does this through a number of chapters focusing on case studies located in different geographical areas of Europe and beyond. By doing this, the editors shed light on a set of challenges that emerge around the world at the intersection between the legal and administrative spheres during the governance and planning of territorial phenomena. The issues addressed in the various chapters highlight how spatial planning activities continue to face serious challenges that have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In more detail, a correlation emerges between the legal regulations that allow and shape spatial-planning activities and the socio-economic and territorial challenges that those activities should tackle. This is often a consequence of the path-dependent influence of the traditional administrative and spatial planning configuration, which presents an inertial resistance to change that is hard to overcome. A similar situation arises concerning the mismatch between the boundaries of the existing administrative units and the extent of territorial phenomena, with a system of judicial–territorial administration that does not always coincide with the boundaries of the fundamental administrative division of a country, leading to an overall deterioration of the conditions in which all actors involved in spatial development operate.

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This book revives the lives and public work of two generations of the Simon family who, over a period of more than a century (1860–1970), had a powerful influence in shaping modern Manchester. It uses a combination of collective biography and thematic essays to rehabilitate and reappraise their lives, and to consider their various individual and collective contributions to society, locally and nationally. As well as focusing on four key individuals (Henry and Emily, Ernest and Shena), the core aim of the book is to study the family as a cross-generational unit and thereby elucidate how their work was shaped a distinctive family ethos of public service. Central to forming this family ethos was the Simons’ German ancestry and their deep connection with Manchester’s German community. To contextualise this link, the studies of the Simon family in the book are foregrounded by an overview of Manchester’s nineteenth century German diaspora.

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Mittelstädte haben eine besondere Relevanz für die Entwicklung von robusten, krisenfesten und nachhaltigen Raumstrukturen in Deutschland. Zugleich stehen sie vor fundamentalen Zukunftsaufgaben wie Klimawandel, demografischem Wandel und Strukturwandel - und zwar etwas anders als Großstädte. Die Beiträge zeigen, wie im Rahmen des Graduiertenkollegs »Mittelstadt als Mitmachstadt« Stadtforschung und Mittelstadtpraxis zusammenwirken, um gemeinsam Impulse für die Transformation kleiner Mittelstädte zu entwickeln. Besonderes Innovationspotenzial machen sie in der verbesserten Verknüpfung von Raum-, Governance- und Prozessgestaltung aus, an deren Schnittstellen sich neue Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Zukunft eröffnen.

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Democracy cannot be implemented overnight. Democratization is an often unpredictable process. This book concentrates on that political transformation in one of Indonesia’s most ‘traditional’ islands, Sumba. Why does democratization create such great opportunities for local politicians with their private agenda’s? Why does regional autonomy, as part of the national democratization program, promote socio-economic inequality in West Sumba? This book is written out of an intimate knowledge of Sumba’s social groupings. Jacqueline Vel lived in Sumba as a development worker for six years in the 1980s and has made frequent return visits for further research since then. She studied every stage of ‘transition to democracy’ in the local context, thus creating this ethnography of democratization. The book analyses themes apparent in a series of chronological events that occurred over a period of twenty years (1986-2006). Uma Politics is the sequel of Vel’s dissertation The Uma Economy, and the title refers to the uniquely Sumbanese type of network politics. The author brings together tradition with the modern economy, government and politics into an evolving, dynamic concept of political culture. Jacqueline Vel is researcher at the Van Vollenhoven Institute of law, governance and development at Leiden University. Part of the research for this book was for the Modern Indonesia Project of KITLV in Leiden and sponsored by a research fellowship of the IIAS. She is currently involved in research on land law, access to justice, and socio-legal aspects of biofuel production in Indonesia.

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Increasingly, urban actors invoke human rights to address inequalities, combat privatisation, and underline common aspirations, or to protect vested (private) interests. The potential and the pitfalls of these processes are conditioned by the urban, and deeply political. These urban politics of human rights are at the heart of this book. An international line-up of contributors with long-term engagement in this field shed light on these politics in cities on four continents and eight cities, presenting a wealth of empirical detail and disciplinary theoreticalisation perspectives. They analyse the ‘city society’, the urban actors involved, and the mechanisms of human rights mobilisation. In doing so, they show the commonalities in rights engagement in today’s globalised and often deeply unequal cities characterised by urban law, private capital but also communities that rally around concepts as the ‘right to the city’. Most importantly, the chapters highlight the conditions under which this mobilisation truly contributes to social justice, be it concerning the simple right to presence, cultural rights, accessible housing or – in times of COVID – health care. Urban Politics of Human Rights provides indispensable reading for anyone with a practical or theoretical interest in the complex, deeply political, and at times also truly promising interrelationship between human rights and the urban.

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This book provides a broad analysis of the important and ongoing issue of municipal self-governments' response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the Visegrad Group countries with the special emphasis on the post-pandemic recovery. Focusing on municipal self-governments of the V4 countries – Poland, Czechia, Hungary and Slovakia – fills a pressing publishing gap. The monograph provides answers to the question whether the response of municipal self-governments in the Visegrad Group countries fits into a specific model and what are the features of this response. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Central and Eastern European politics and policies with particular emphasis on the V4 counties, local self-government, urban policies, crisis management, Covid-19 pandemic response and recovery. The volume will be of great interest to practitioners, namely the representatives of local self-governments, non-governmental organizations and private entities operating at the urban level.

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This is a reprint of the Special Issue “Urban-Rural-Partnerships: Sustainable and Resilient” in Land, which, based on the URP2020 objectives, invited original contributions dealing with interactions in regional systems, particularly between urban and rural actors, institutions and projects to tackle great societal challenges. The 16 contributions published included conceptual and methodological papers, as well as case studies dedicated to striking examples and providing transferable knowledge and solutions. The guest editors hope that the contributions will stimulate learning processes on various levels, i.e. cross- and transdisciplinary as well as from the local level to entire regions to the broader European and international levels, in order to foster an understanding of integrated regional and urban–rural development.

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